System-wide Lockdown and Usability
I wrote some time ago about how most modern Linux distributions deals with with granting unprivileged users additional privileges when they are logged in at the console. Stuff like allowing them to access removable disks, power down the system and so forth - Project Utopia stuff, that whole story.
While this is great for the home user, stuff Just Works, it’s not always ideal in more controlled environments such as call centers, university settings, Internet Cafes or print kiosks. Also, working for a distributor I’m also sometimes personally on the receiving end of rude people who wants this too. I don’t disagree much really. Yes, it makes sense to easily lock down what the operating system allows a user in front of it to do. Even to the point where it is totally unusable. Notably this is required for EAL style certifications of systems. Yes, Sarbanes-Oxley requires it too, and yes, some companies (search for the word ‘epoxy’ in that link) disable the USB ports of their employees computers.
Copenhagen, Denmark - December 2005
I wrote some notes about how to fix this in what I consider a sane way. Sane here includes allowing a system administrator or home user to override this in a way that just works, e.g. pop up a dialog asking for auth to gain privileges to carry out the operation. Mocking around with configuration files in /etc does not qualify - do not pass start, do not collect $200 - put up a GUI dialog instead; it’s 2006 for crying out loud 
Anyho, so I did this policy library and started to integrate it with gnome-mount. Sure, this example is kinda lame and the UI is still totally wrong. But it illustrates the point well. The sysadmin didn’t allow the user to override file system permissions on an advanced file system and we give the user the ability to correct it - there are lots of more interesting use-cases than this. And we need do need lockdown, otherwise all the Michal Jaegermann and Alan Cox’s of the world won’t let us put it in a general purpose operating system. Which is fair enough. Oh, before someone cries the root password is evil; whether we ask for the super user password, users own password or something different for auth should just be up to the OS vendor. It’s a boring implementation detail. It’s also fine by me to have a gconf key to hide these dialogs; that might be sometime a sysadmin in an enterprise setting would do. I think Clark even suggested once to put a button “Send request to sysadmin to enable feature” too. Whatever
Paris, France - January 2006
Whilst implementing this I researched various graphical su helpers including consolehelper / usermode that we ship in Fedora. They all suffer from the same set of problems most notably that they allow to run X applications as root. So, I guess for HAL I’ll be rolling my own just like everyone else . Read on please.
No, seriously, I strongly believe the idea of even allowing X applications to run as root is a dead end from day one. With the su helper I plan for PolicyKit (which is a project I’ve spun off HAL containing said policy bits), your application will at most be elevated to an unprivileged “system user”. The trick here is that HAL allows this unprivileged user to invoke D-BUS methods normal unprivileged console users wouldn’t be allowed to invoke. To get to this “system user”, the desktop user will have to auth (root password, own password, whatever) and will thus be presented with a dialog even (optionally) offering the one-time-pain option by granting this privilege to the desktop and/or other users forever (or until the sysadmin changes it).
Boston, MA - December 2005
The reason I’m spinning it off HAL is that it makes sense for the rest of the desktop bits (not only GNOME) to adopt the same architectural pattern; for example gnome-system-monitor could use this to renice processes.. g-s-m will simply provide a service on the system bus that runs as root and exports a method called Renice(). A PolicyKit policy file provides a list of uid and gid for who is allowed for this. Now, g-s-m will try to invoke Renice() but might get the PermissionDeniedByPolicy exception back. If this is the case, simply bring up said dialog, enter password, optionally grant this privilege to one or more users and, bingo, you’re done.
I plan to provide a PolicyKit-gnome library for these dialogs, e.g. password prompting and policy editing. Mostly because this is what I need for the HAL (and Fedora I guess), but I think it makes sense for GNOME too to consider this architectural pattern.
Yea yea, long boring blog post about admin stuff and it’s not even about cool bling stuff!. I hope at least that the admins love me
March 8th, 2006 at 9:45 am
Rather than inventing yet another thing, how about improving consolehelper/usermode so that it has the ability to run a given program as an arbitrary user rather than just as root?
I don’t think this would be too hard to do — maybe add a “RUNASUSER” option to userhelper?
Then, the various applications which currently use consolehelper (system-config-* and friends) could be individually ported over time to run using the “system user” mechanism you describe.
March 8th, 2006 at 10:04 am
I wrote a page on the GNOME wiki detailing with the application/user interface for an ideal privilege system could look like. Perhaps it’ll be interesting or useful to you.
http://live.gnome.org/PrivilegedOperations
(Also, your captcha is almost completely unlegible. You might consider using an accessibility-friendly math question. This is my fourth attempt at reloading the comments page to try to find an image I can actually read.)
March 8th, 2006 at 10:36 am
Can you clarify whether the cli tools associated with configuration of privledge policy have made it into fc5 as per your comments in
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=177177#c24
And is there an adequate amount of detail in the release-notes pointing “compotent” system admins on how to reconfigure their systems in the post /etc/hal/fdi/policy world?
Now I might be missing a package on my rawhide box, so I might not have all the pieces installed, but i’m not seeing anything that I could associate with your comments in
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=177177#c24
I certaintly dont see the hald-check-policy binary you use in your mockup discussion in
http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/hal/2006-January/004377.html
What happened? Is cmdline configurability completely punted for fc5 release contrary to you the public comments about expectations in bugzilla? I’d appreciate an update to the bugzilla entries with confirmation as to eta for these cli tools.
-jef
March 8th, 2006 at 10:49 am
PS: I’m willing to work on adding the RUNASUSER functionality to usermode. Is this something you’d be willing to use for this?
In the meantime, one can simply make a tiny wrapper which runs as root from consolehelper but execs the real program as the “system user”, yeah?
March 9th, 2006 at 5:54 am
What about extending the KDE Kiosk Mode to something system-wide, so we could have something like Microsoft’s Group Policy Objects?
March 9th, 2006 at 7:30 am
There are some other suggestions but I’d encourage you to take a look at the COMAR (configuration manager) system we’re using in our distribution (Pardus).
http://svn.pardus.org.tr/uludag/trunk/comar/comar/
Currently we don’t have any documentation in English but code can say pretty much.
Basically COMAR is a service providing a system model for configuration. All the job is done by backend scripts. Written in Python scripts came with packages and registered to COMAR by the package manager (PiSi). COMAR doesn’t have a detailed auhentication policy currently but it’s a planned feature.
March 9th, 2006 at 7:36 am
I think that any attempt to help implement an M$-style lockdown model is pure evil. The traditional *nix “do what ever you want in your own account, but be unable to mess up the actual system” is a much more fair system. I can’t tell you how frustrating it is to be forced to use Internet Exploder on my school computers simply because all apps that weren’t installed by an admin are blocked from running (aka, I’m unable to run Firefox from a USB key) To force that same sort of paternalistic crap on Linux is bad and writing tools to make it easier to create that sort of lockdown environment and then make it easy to admister is wrong as well.
March 9th, 2006 at 9:14 am
ETech news emerges (and mind control)
Welcome to today’s IT Blogwatch, in which the Emerging Technology Conference offers up more geekery. Not to mention controlling a computer with the power of your mind …
March 15th, 2006 at 10:51 am
PolicyKit from today’s CVS HEAD won’t compile. This patch fixes the build problems:
Index: polkitd/polkit-manager.h
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/hal/PolicyKit/polkitd/polkit-manager.h,v
retrieving revision 1.1
diff -u -r1.1 polkit-manager.h
— polkitd/polkit-manager.h 14 Mar 2006 06:14:33 -0000 1.1
+++ polkitd/polkit-manager.h 15 Mar 2006 15:51:26 -0000
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
#define _POLKIT_MANAGER_H
#include
+#include
#include
#include
#include
March 15th, 2006 at 10:57 am
Yuck. Posting patches in blog comments doesn’t work… see https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6280 for the bug and the patch.
March 18th, 2006 at 12:46 pm
[…] http://blog.fubar.dk/?p=66 […]
March 24th, 2006 at 10:38 am
[…] David Zeuthen blogs about using safe-for-scripting interfaces using DBUS as the privilege barrier. This is a little bit like how J2ME moderates permissions between applications, except that here RPC is being used instead of type security. It’s really cool to see these sort of next-level security systems being integrated into Linux. Go David! Elsewhere Kristian Rietveld blogs about GTK+ 2.10, which is shaping up to be a great release. <bill-and-ted>Dudes! Most Excellent! […]
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